Next Steps

Buzz Aldrin deploys a seismometer on the Moon.

Not long after I got out of college (the first time) I was working as a newspaper person, editing and sometimes writing the news for the Denver Post. I started as a newsroom editorial assistant, but before I knew it, I was writing science stories occasionally. One of the first big stories I covered was the Voyager 2 flyby of planet Saturn in 1981. That was a lot of fun and I got to meet a number of scientists and fellow science writers, some of whom I still see from time to time at various science meetings. I think the seed for my interest in going back to school to study astrophysics got planted in that busy, fascinating week of press conferences and discovery. The fact that I got sidetracked into science journalism is a separate story, but someday I'd like to get that degree in astrophysics... if I can ever find the time and money. But, I digress.

Not long after the Voyager encounter (which was the subject of a planetarium show I wrote a few years later), I got an invitation from an old college friend to attend a meeting in Boulder, Colorado, called the Case For Mars III. It was the third in a series of meetings where a lot of bright, energetic people sat down and roughed out plans for human exploration of the Red Planet. I attended as "press" but immediately got assigned to a propulsion systems study group that spent several days (and nights) sketching out the various propulsion needs for the eventual mission. It was our job to come up with the best "delivery methods" for the trans-Mars spacecraft as well as the landers the crew would need to shuttle back and forth to and from the surface. Other groups studied life sciences (how to keep the crews happy and alive during the long-duration mission), science goals (the geology, geography, biology, etc. of Mars), and social factors (crew selection, cultural aspects of "melting pot" crews, life in space, etc.)

There was a Case for Mars IV and so on, and in each meeting, the missions got honed down a little more, the cases were sharpened substantially, and it was clear that support for Mars missions was great, particularly in the science community.

An artist's rendering of a Mars scientist at work on the Red Planet.

The standard scenario we worked on went as follows (with some variations, but this is the general one):

1) Send a series of precursor missions to Mars to scout out the terrain, do some pre-landing science. These would be landers, mappers, orbiters, and sample-return missions.

2) Get to Earth orbit and build staging stations that would serve as construction yards for the trans-Mars spacecraft.

3) At the same time, return to the Moon and mine raw materials to build the craft (after first discerning whether or not those raw materials existed in abundance).

4) Build the things, while at the same time training the crews for the trip. The trip was a multi-year plan, based on getting to Mars at orbitally reasonable times, spending at least 180 days on the surface doing science and exploring, and then setting up for the next wave of explorers to land.

5) On Mars, there would be habitats, science stations, rovers, possibly some ultralite aircraft, and other infrastructure to maintain a modern science station.

Over the years I've seen part 1 happening pretty well. Some of the rovers are the grandchildren of the discussions we had in the early 1980s at the first CFM meetings. Part 2 is lagging, although we do have a space station that the world has been knocking together for a number of years now. The lessons learned there will be valuable no matter what else humans decide to build in Earth orbit. The actual scenarios may well vary widely from what we planned in the 1980s, but the basic framework remains the same: get to the Moon, then to Mars, in stages (when necessary).

Part 3, the getting to the Moon part, is now part of NASA's 'return to the Moon' effort. Last week NASA announced the selection of proposals for science experiments to be performed on the Moon, whenever it is that explorers return there. There's a lot of science to be done. The first human missions to the Moon were short and limited to sample returns and a few experiments. They went well and whetted an entire generation's taste for exploration. Despite a few decades of inactivity, I don't think people have lost that taste. What we need now is a bit more bold exploration and a lot of public support for these first steps back out to space, and eventually to Mars. I've always been a Mars exploration kinda person. We've got a long way to go, and a lot of "next steps" to take before it's a reality.

Labels: lunar bases, Mars missions

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